The Lord Of The Flies: Summary :: The Lord of the Flies

The Lord of the Flies: Summary The epic Lord of the Flies by William Golding, an experience and anticipation story, is written in 1857. The story sets on an abandoned Pacific coral island. A gathering of school young men are marooned on this island after a plane accident out traveling to Australia. The story starts with an enormous number of school young men on a uninhabited tropical island and two of the senior young men who have administration characteristics contend to accomplish a similarity to arrange in order to endure. Ralph, who has discovered a conch what's more, blows it to call all the young men to a gathering, is worried about the well being of everybody, while Jack is increasingly worried about making rules and rebuffing guilty parties. Nonetheless, just one firm principle is set up by Ralph and that is as it were the individual holding the conch will be allowed to talk at gatherings. The two pioneers before long find that they don't care for one another due to their distinction needs and the contention starts between them. It causes the gathering to part into two, with Jack=s adherents being in the dominant part. Ralph is worried about structure covers, masterminding work and on being safeguarded however Jack just needs to wander the wilderness and chase. The inability to build up rules before long makes disarray and improper conduct energized by Jack. Ralph=s just supporter is Piggy, a fat asthmatic young men who no one prefers since he is continually addressing and censuring everyone=s conduct. Jack menaces him continually and different young men ridicule him. Jack and his supporters spend a large portion of their time chasing for wild pigs so Ralph=s endeavors to sort out the bunch come up short. At this point, a large portion of the more established young men are starting to act like savages, chasing wild pigs, going into a craze when they succeed and commend their murder with wild moving around a fire. One evening during an air-fight, a body of a parachutist arrives on the island and has gotten tangled on certain stones on the mountain. Talk of a Abeast@ on their island finds that the mammoth the parachutist yet sadly never has the chance to tell the others. He is confused with the mammoth and is incidentally executed during a wild festival feast that takes place after a fruitful chase by Jack and his adherents. Later on, Ralph=s last adherent is additionally slaughtered however not coincidentally. Ralph has lost every one of his adherents and is sought after by the other people who need to murder him. Will he endure? What's more, who is the Lord of the Flies? The story, brimming with anticipation and awfulness, catches my creative mind and my

Light experiment Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Light test - Lab Report Example Presentation This task includes the investigation of Scenedesmus development conditions. Scenedesmus alludes to variety of the provincial green growth, with cell game plans of 4, 8, and 16 of every a column. It is a typical segment of new water tiny fish, which is most normally utilized in the exploratory motivations behind water contamination and photosynthesis. It is additionally significant during the time spent sewage decontamination since it discharges oxygen, which is vital for the breakdown of natural issue, thus ends the elements of unsafe substances. In this undertaking, we get the chance to investigate the development conditions and advancements. The fundamental components in test here will be light and pH since we found that the plant develops well under unbiased pH. The fundamental system in this venture is to grow one test set in direct daylight while the other will be puts under no daylight. The fundamental end will be founded on the development examples of both explora tory examples, and note the distinction in them. Materials and strategies Details on culture arrangement 50ml tapered 3D squares Number of recreates per treatment 4ml of starting society added to 16ml culture Gro (Carolina Biological) Algae developed .Scenedesmus (Carolina organic) Growth conditions The way of life will be natured in the development chamber for 18 hours, day and 6 hours night at 250 C The light levels in the chamber put at 300 mM photons/m2/sec2 Experiment medications One ought to portray the medicines and the levels to which they ought to get applied. Technique for estimations This area contains the subtleties of the materials utilized and a depiction of how the investigation is executed. From here, one can undoubtedly direct a similar test and present the outcomes for examination. Hemocytometers get utilized in computing the cell thickness/ml at a normal of four continuous checks. NB: Washed hands before dealing with any materials to abstain from defiling them. 1. Set up the magnifying lens and take an example of scenedesmus. 2. Decide the quantity of scenedesmus in 1 ml with hemocytometer. Make a point to twirl before taking example (three tally to get normal fixation). 3. Set up three replications for each treatment 20 ml all out volume; alter volume of development medium by (4 ml of green growth volume and 16 ml of treatment volume) in the test tubes 4. Compose the quantity of the gathering and starting of the gathering 5. Gap the item to three gatherings; three simples each gathering (the three gatherings low, medium, and high light). 6. Put the simples in the light fridge. 7. Partition the simples to low, medium, and high light. 8. Hold up three weeks to the item to develop. 9. Decide the quantity of scenedesmus. Results This segment contains the outcomes that were acquired from the test. The information is a short outline of the entire analysis. The information here is just referenced with no investigation given. The investigation gets dealt with in the following segment. Low Light Medium Light High Light 83 68 33 80 58 43 80 55 42 From the above information, we can recognize that the test was directed utilizing three societies. The introduction is done and the information per culture is introduced in the manner the acted in various light situations. The primary case is the test under low light conditions at that point followed by brings about the center light conditions lastly the outcomes acquired in high light, trial conditions. Be that as it may, in this examination we are for the most part going to utilize the information in low light conditions and the outcomes from the experimen

Bridger, James

Bridger, James Bridger, James, 1804â€"81, American fur trader, one of the most celebrated of the mountain men , b. Virginia. He was working as a blacksmith in St. Louis when he joined the Missouri River expedition of William H. Ashley in 1822. From that time until the fur trade declined in the 1840s he was a trader and trapper in the mountains, becoming familiar with most of the country N of Spanish New Mexico and E of California. He was associated with Thomas Fitzpatrick and Jedediah Smith in many of their journeys, and he is generally credited with being the first white man to see (1825) Great Salt Lake. He was the guide for the party of Marcus Whitman, and in 1843 he and a partner, Louis Vasquez, opened Fort Bridger on the Oregon Trail . They later were forced by the Mormons to give up the post. Bridger was a guide, notably to Gen. A. S. Johnston on the Mormon campaign in 1857, to an expedition to the present Yellowstone Park (a region he did much to publicize), and to the surveying party o f Gen. G. M. Dodge for the Union Pacific RR. He came to be famous for his talk, was a fine spinner of tall tales, and was one of the most picturesque figures of the frontier. See biographies by J. C. Alter (1925; rev. ed. 1962, repr. 1967), S. Vestal (pseud. of W. S. Campbell; 1946, repr. 1970), and G. Caesar (1961); B. De Voto, Across the Wide Missouri (1947). The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. History: Biographies

Example Of Justifying A Value - 1814 Words

1.) The first example of justifying a value is when getting my car detailed. I am looking at market value, fair value and the utility factor for the services. This service satisfies the need and desire for a clean car to take clients out with, after it was dirtied by a tough winter. I compared prices for similar car detailing services, and asked around for referrals from several people. Of the two companies, one was recommended strongly. I saw examples of each work and agreed with the highly recommended company. In my opinion, the cost at the time was fair value and, compared to other detailers, was market value. The prices were advertised for a year without any price increase. The second example of justifying a value is when purchasing products from Starbucks Coffee. There is a slight influence upon me through the desire of my teenage daughter wanting to visit the coffee shop. With my effective purchasing power, and both our desire of a drink/coffee/treat once and a w hile, we will go to Starbucks. It is true that Starbucks is a Going Concern, and their prices are fair value compared to Timothies and Tim Hortons. I have joined their rewards program, which enables me to occasionally receive free or discounted drinks, as well as free refills. Starbucks, with the loyalty program, is an investment value to me. 2) In the City of Mississauga, lane use control in the area of Clarkson and Lorne Park have stemmed from Mississauga’s master plan. Zoning through the useShow MoreRelatedDoes the End Justify the Means?739 Words   |  3 PagesWrite a response to the question, Does the end justify the means? Give examples of when the ends justifies the means and when it doesnt. Post your response as a reply to this topic. Read others responses and feel free to comment on others threads and have an open discussion. The ends justifying the means is extremely difficult to generalize. The answer is much more complex than a simple yes or no. Quite often, if not most of the time, the end does not justify the means. But sometimes it canRead MoreEthical Leadership in the Master of Science Leadership Program776 Words   |  4 Pagesof two evils every day. These decisions can affect the person making the decision, their employees, and goals of the organization. There are many readings that describe ethics and leadership, but ethical leadership is basically knowing your inner values and having the courage to steadfastly live by them for the purpose of the common good. Southwestern Colleges Master of Science in Leadership program has given me a firm understanding of how important ethical reasoning is and how it impacts, goodRead MoreUsing Material from Item 2b and Elsewhere, Assess the Marxist View That the Main Role of the Family Is to Serve the Interests of Capitalism993 Words   |  4 Pagesthe inter ests of capitalism by maintaining and justifying class inequality and exploitation by the rich. Other groups, however, have different opinions, such as Functionalists who think that the family performs essential needs of society. Marxists and Functionalists opinions are completely contrasted, as Marxists think that we live in a Capitalist society based on unequal conflict between the classes, whilst Functionalists see society as based on â€Å"value consensus†, where everyone agrees. The familyRead MoreWhat Is Terrorism, Is It Wrong, And Could It Ever Be Morally Permissible?1530 Words   |  7 Pagesof terrorism is open, she makes her opinion clear that it is morally repugnant and anybody using this tactic has a heavy burden of justification. Jaggar’s account of terrorism has several advantages. Her account clarifies some distinctions. For example, she stated that terrorism is not a specific type of conflict, but rather a tactic that can be used in various types of conflict and in combination with other strategies. Terrorism may be used in combination with war, low intensity conflict, guerrillaRead MoreThe Ethics Of Eating Meat Essay1504 Words   |  7 Pageshow we process and consume our meats. We have become a selfish society that values our own convenience and affordability of meat rather than the consideration of the animal. This begs the question, is eating meat inherently wrong and should we forbid meat consumption under any and all circumstances? To fully address this issue, we must first define the moral status of animals. So, are animals equal to humans in worth and value and should they receive similar treatment? In our country, the scarcityRead MoreAnalysis Of John Orwell s Paradise Lost 882 Words   |  4 Pages But, in fact many aspects of a text communicate a message. Conventions of epics play a big role in sharing the message. One may not realize it while reading, but if one were to look at the list of these conventions, one would recognize multiple examples of conventions in different texts. While each text may not have the same message, they all utilize epic conventions to help communicate a specific message or lesson. In Paradise Lost, Milton effectively uses the conventions of epics to justify theRead MoreCapital Punishment : Imposition Of A Penalty Of Death By The State Essay1271 Words   |  6 Pagesbe wrongfully applied. This is rare but it does happen, the falsely incriminated is sentenced and executed. It is important that the government still uses capital punishment in today’s world, however, as insurance for public safety and a way for justifying murder. The process regarding the death penalty has come a long way since ancient times. Some of the most famous execution methods include: sawing, flaying, impalement, crushing, hanging, burning, and stoning (McDaniel 2015). These aren’t evenRead MoreJack Harkness, A Time Traveler847 Words   |  4 PagesJustified action occurs when the benefits of the goal significantly outweighs the moral costs of achievement. Additionally, the benefit must positively affect multiple people. Unlike Machiavelli stance, where personal power is worth any cost, the ends justifying the means is only true in regards to societal preservation. In the homeschool community, many people I knew where highly critical of Abraham Lincoln and his actions. I have had friends call him a monster, the worst president of the United StatesRead MoreAnimal Research : Is It Human Or Inhuman?1100 Words   |  5 PagesAnimal Liberation (Ecco,2002), many experiments using animals are for an insignificant reason. For example , Singer illustrates an example of a dog undergoing varies shock from jumping to floors that each had the shock. Eventually, the dog stopped resisting, and thus researchers stated that the experiment should how to eliminate jumping in dogs. Singer saw this as up scoured and unnecessary. This example can be seen as psychological since it determines the behavior of dogs after an experiment. Now manyRead MoreAlgebra And Algebraic Thinking Sets Essay1403 Words   |  6 Pagesskills, strategies and ways of thinking will also be explored along with strategies for teaching the content effectively. Literature review (up to 800 words) Algebra is a critical aspect of mathematics which provides the means to calculate unknown values. According to Bednarz, Kieran and Lee (as cited in Chick Harris, 2007), there are three basic concepts of simple algebra: the generalisation of patterns, the understanding of numerical laws and functional situations. The understanding of these concepts

Sociological Imagination Was Coined By Sociologist C....

Sociological imagination was coined by sociologist C. Wright Mills in 1959 to describe the ability to remove oneself from a given situation whether it affects your life or not personally and try to imagine the situation or conflict from a different perspective or more global view. It’s the personal perspective that affects our judgments, opinions and actions to a situation. Removal of the personal viewpoint gives us an unbiased way to make a decision that is fair. Removing past prejudices and mores that we are raised with can give us a completely different way of looking at the world. I am going to use this theory to examine my life as a homosexual. Personal Explanation I knew from the time I was 12 that I was attracted to females and not males. I grew up with 4 older brothers and just wanted to be one of the guys. I played sports and got dirty, unlike my sisters who danced and talked about boys. I remember over hearing my mom one day while watching a movie with a homosexual scene, how â€Å"gross and unnatural† that was. That pushed me even further into my closet. My parents were born and raised Catholics. My mom believed in a marriage between a man and a woman, and anything else was unnatural. She used to say that those were the poor choices people made. I focused my attention on school and sports and even got a job during high school just to keep me distracted and away from home. I figured the less I was around my family the less likely they would be to figure out my secretShow MoreRelatedSociological Imagination Coined By Sociologist C. Wright Mills1138 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout our lives we encounter numerous personal troubles, no matter big ones or trivial ones. However, one may seldom relate their problems in a sociological level rather often try to ascribe the blame to their personal wrongs. In this essay I would introduce the topic of sociological imagination coined by sociologist C. Wright Mills, describing how personal matters have all sorts of interwoven relationships with social issues. It is also important to realize that there are distinctions betweenRead MoreThe Sociological Perspective Of Sociology963 Words   |  4 PagesAfter a careful study and a deeper research on an introduction to sociology, I have come to understand that no problem can be solved well enough if one does not have the sociological perspective which is defined as a way of looking at the world through a sociological lens. In fact, there is the need of the lens that will help one to view situations and have the eye to emerge through different views to solve that problem. This mirror has become a doorway tha t will help one to have a beginner’s mindRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution Of The Nineteenth Century1357 Words   |  6 PagesIn the eighteenth and nineteenth century there was the Industrial Revolution which resulted in society basing their work and life more on factories and production instead of on agriculture . Alongside industrialisation came capitalism which had the aim of creating profit; urbanism which consisted of mass amounts of people moving from rural to urban areas; and liberal democracy which emphasised the citizenship rights of each person and how they could make decisions on how to change their country ratherRead MoreThe Sociological Imagination And Common Sense1648 Words   |  7 PagesThe Sociological Imagination was a term that was first coined by sociologist C. Wright Mills. It could be said that definition of The Sociological Imagination is having the ability to look beyond personal experience and realise that society is shaped by the cross over betwee n biography and history. Mills thought that everyone in society had the capability to think sociologically and that this was essential to gain a deeper understanding of both their society, and their current circumstance. ThisRead MoreSociology Essay1116 Words   |  5 Pagesand a new awareness of society.† She adds that, â€Å"the term sociology was coined by a French social thinker Auguste Comte (1798-1857).† In the book, Thinking Sociology by Carl, sociology is defined as, â€Å"a science guided by the basic understanding that the social matters: our lives are affected, not only by our individual characteristics, but by our place in the social world.† Sociology should be studied using sociological imagination, â€Å"the ability to look beyond the individual as the cause for successRead MoreA Study Of The Development, Structure, And Functioning Of Human Society909 Words   |  4 Pagesand Public Issues). C. Wright Mills, an American sociologist, coined the term sociological imagination. Having this quality of the mind enables us to make sense of the intersection between history and biography and the relations between the two within society. This imagination is the â€Å"capacity to range from the most impersonal and remote transformations to the most intimate features of the human self† (Mills). Through the use of different sociologist’s sociological imagination, questions that aroseRead MoreThe Conflict Between Personal Experience And The Wider Society910 Words   |  4 Pageshas been a common and natural feature of a city throughout the world. While the public perceptions of these â€Å"undesirables† are lazy, dangerous, and ignorant, it is not solely their fault and choice to be on the streets. Sociological imagination, as coined and defined by C. Wright Mills, is â€Å"the vivid awareness of the relationship between personal experience and the wider society†. Simply put, it is the ability to interpret situations and circumstances in terms of social context and understand how theyRead MoreSociology as a Perspective 1332 Words   |  6 PagesSociologist argue that â€Å"the sociological perspective is a way of thinking; a form of consciousness that challenges familiar understandings of ourselves and of others, so we can critically asses the truth commonly held assumptions† (Micionis and Plummer 2008:10). This essay supports this statement by analysing and discussing the significance of sociological perspective in our everyday lives. According to Peter L. Berger sociological perspective is described as the link between societal events andRead MoreWhy You Are Performing Heart Surgery Or Scanning Grocery Items For A Living1665 Words   |  7 Pagessocialism. During industrial society, the rich upper class was called the bourgeoisie and the poor lower classes were called the proletariat. In this society, distinct economic and social classes were created by the forces of capitalism. Marx believed that this would eventually create a struggle between who rightfully possessed the means of production and those who provided labor for them. The proletariat’s most valuable asset, their labor, was the source for everything of value in society. However,Read Morecheat sheet1448 Words   |  6 Pages1. The sociological perspective, as a way of thinking about the world, includes the sociological imagination from C. Wright Mills, the beginner’s mind from Bernard McGrane, and the idea of culture shock from anthropology. Explain what all three of these concepts have in common. Response: All three of these concepts have in common are the idea of breaking down social barriers to gain a different perspective on culture people and behaviors. When a person is in a new area where the culture is different

Non Parametric and Chi-Square Distribution Free Essays

Individual Paper #3: Non parametric and Chi-square distribution Brief Summary: I worked for a logistic company. My major responsibility was in charge of the storage and transportation of parts of cars between two areas, which are about 1400 miles apart. One of my jobs is collecting the goods from suppliers and arranging the trucks to deliver them. We will write a custom essay sample on Non Parametric and Chi-Square Distribution or any similar topic only for you Order Now There are five truck drivers, and each of them is assigned to deliver on each weekday throughout a whole year. Before the delivery, we will check the quality of the goods and Make sure that there are no damaged goods. When arriving at the destination, the staff will check the goods again and record the damaged goods that occurred in transit. At the end of every month, we will pay for the compensation according to the number of the defective goods. In order to reduce the number of the damaged goods during the delivery, I want to identify the reasons why they are damaged. In this study, I want to find out that whether some drivers are more prone to make the goods damaged during their delivery. Variable to be measured: Two variables are to be measured. The first variable is just the five truck drivers, and the second one is the quality of the goods after the delivery. Determination of Population: Population in this case is defined as the all goods delivered from Tianjin area to Guangzhou area. Statistical method: To analyze relationship between the two variables above which are both nominal in terms of data type, I decide to use Chi-squared test of a contingency table. Sample Selection: The information about delivery is recorded in our computer system, including the delivery date, name of the driver, the number of damaged goods and so on. I take out the data about 52 weeks during the previous year and record them into the following table: | Quality| | Truck Driver| Passed| Damaged| Total| Driver A| | | | Driver B| | | | Driver C| | | | Driver D| | | | Driver E| | | | Total| | | | Hypothesis: The objective is to describe whether there is a relationship between the five drivers and the number of damaged goods. The null hypothesis will specify that there is no relationship between the two variables: H0 : The two variables are independent The alternative hypothesis specifies one variable affects the other, expressed as: H1 : The two variables are dependent Use the formula: ?2=i=1k(fi-ei)2ei ? =(r-1) (c-1) which calculates the test statistic. Or use the Excel by importing the data into the function of Data Analysis Plus, Contingency Table. Then I could acquire chi-squared Stat, p-value. The number of degrees of freedom v=(r-1)(c-1)=(5-1)(2-1)=4. If I employ a 5% significance level, the rejection region is X2 X2 a, v = X2 . 05, 4 = 9. 49 Comparing the results, if the p-value is greater than 9. 49, there is not enough evidence to infer that there is a relationship between the five drivers and the number of damaged goods; if the p-value is not greater than 9. 49, I can reject the null hypothesis in favor of the alternative, which means there is a relationship between the five drivers and the number of damaged goods. So I can reduce the number of damaged goods through improving the drivers’ conditions. How to cite Non Parametric and Chi-Square Distribution, Papers

Malinowskis Participant-Observation in Modern Anthropology free essay sample

Where does Malinowskis conceptualization of participant-observation sit in the landscape of modern anthropological fieldwork? A primary objective of the modern ethnographer is to glean insights into the ways people relate to and interact with one another and the world around them. Through participant-observation, Malinowski (1922) offered a valuable tool with which to uncover these insights and understandings, the ethnographer. The ethnographer as research tool has become the basis of much modern anthropological research. As a method, it was a radical departure from the typical approach to fieldwork used in Malinowskis time which nvolved techniques that kept the ethnographer distanced and distinct from those they studied (McGee Warms, 2008). In his conceptualization of participant- observation, Malinowski identified three primary objectives for the fieldworker. First, to record the feel and flow of daily life as a member of the community; second, to create a framework of community organization based on a scientific perspective; and third, to collect detailed personal information particular to the community of study (Malinowski, 1922). We will write a custom essay sample on Malinowskis Participant-Observation in Modern Anthropology or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page These goals and methodologies remain principal to the design and analysis of modern anthropological research. However, they also raise a number of questions about the practical, paradigmatic and ethical difficulties associated with anthropological fieldwork. Discussed below are the goals identified by Malinowski, some of the issues they raise, and how they have come to be interpreted within modern anthropological practice. The premise of participant-observation draws the researcher inside the daily life of those they study, with the many small experiences, interactions, intimacies and resulting integration providing an entr ©e into cultural life not afforded the lone observer or outsider. Malinowski took great pains to ensure hat he eventually came to feel part of the tribe, an insider, Joining in himself in what is going on rather than simply recording the proceedings (Malinowski, 1922, p. 21). Achieving insider, as opposed to outsider, status within a community of study is a primary goal for many anthropologists in the field. However, the concept of a dichotomous insider/outsider positionality is a complex issue that is coming under increasing scrutiny within the field (Kirby, Greaves Reid, 2006). Malinowskis (1922) methodology of ethnographer as tool is based in two contradictory imperatives, each centered on location. First, the researcher must locate themselves intimately within the group under study in order to gain a complete and fleshed out account of community life and second, that it is not possible, when located within and as a member of a group, to have the necessary perspective to interpret community life (Malinowski, 1922). Claire Sterk (1996) challenges the ethnographer as insider viewpoint through her work with prostitutes in New York and New Jersey. Sterks own realization of her ability to extricate herself from the community and rejoin her own World, a world of safety and stability confirmed her status as outsider Sterk, 1996, p. 92). Nancy Kalow (1996) supports Malinowskis assertion of the importance of distance when analysing data. She reports her research experience something she only identified once she stepped outside of the role of participant- observer and became an observer of her data. This raises the issue of transition from participant-observer to observer/interpreter. By positioning oneself as interpreter or analyst, the researcher creates an academic distance from those they observe, voiding their participant status. Susan Krieger (1996) extends this argument hrough her experience as a functioning member of the community under study. Krieger found her membership identification did not automatically afford her insight into the group and, through her efforts to interpret data, she came to realize that she had become estranged from her participants and her study. It was only through a process of reengagement that she was able to again locate herself within the group and successfully analyze her data, a process at odds with Malinowskis second imperative (Krieger, 1996, p 183). Thus, Malinowskis ethnographer as tool is still a guiding principle of anthropological fieldwork. However, the location and position of this tool with relation to the community under study has evolved from Malinowskis limited perception of its scope. To simply be positioned right among the natives (Malinowski, 1922, p. 6) does not automatically provide the ethnographer with an insiders view. It is this realization that has shaped and is still shaping the way fieldwork in modern anthropology is approached. The focus of anthropology can also been seen to have evolved in terms of the premises upon which Malinowski based his anticipated outcomes of research when compared to those of modern ethnographers. The primary purpose of anthropological research identified by Malinowski was that of understanding tribal life objectively and scientifically, in terms of systems of social machinery and presenting this for consumption to a Western audience (Malinowski, 1922, p. 109; McGee Warms, 2008). This raises two issues apparent in modern anthropology. First, the relevance, usefulness and problematic nature of a purely objective paradigm within anthropology; and second, the motivations underlying anthropological research and fieldwork. Striving for the scientific view of things, a central tenet of Malinowskis (1922, p. ) anthropology, has been challenged by modern anthropologists. The challenge raises two primary questions. First, is it possible or useful within such a personal contextual field as anthropology to discount subjectivity as an authentic mode of analysis. Krieger (1996) identifies this as a problem inherent in the writing of social science and argues that through ethnography we are not writing about the other but, in fact, writing about the self. She also touches on the second question, from where have our acceptable scientific/ob]ective truths originated? The objective paradigm underlying ocial science denies self-expression, narrowing the scope of understanding to that ofa predominately male, middle-class, Western, academic one. This point appears to lie outside the realm of Malinowskis consideration and is indicative of his socio- historical epoch. The purpose of research for Malinowski (1922, p. 25) was to shed light on our own (Western) mentality, informing Western science and academia. While modern anthropology still endeavours to uncover systems and social structures it does so from the standpoint of advancement or empowerment of those communities it studies, not to exclusively inform Western science (Kirby, Greaves, Reid, 2006). For example, Annette Lareaus (1996) study seeks to reveal patterns of an intention to inform educational policy and effect change within schooling systems. Similarly, Sterks (1996) study of prostitutes examines the relationship between prostitution, drugs use and AIDS, searching for cross-cultural patterns in order to address the HIV/AIDS crisis. In this way, anthropology is still approached from a scientific paradigmatic orientation. However, what drives the research has changed. Considering the needs of the community, and how a study is designed to identify and ddress those needs, has become a powerful impetus for anthropological research. Thus, while modern anthropology shares a similar scientific goal with Malinowski, the goalposts have shifted. The question of who benefits from anthropological study has become an important consideration for any modern anthropological researcher (Kirby, Greaves Reid, 2006). This leads the discussion to the issue of ethics. Malinowskis (1922, p. 24) third goal involves collection of ethnographic statements to be used as documents of native mentality. These documents consist of information that is personal and belonging to those of whom he is studying. At no time during Malinowskis description of ethnographic methodology does he address the ethical issues of participant consent, or to what extent his role as researcher will affect the community he is studying. These are all areas of central importance and concern for the modern anthropologist (Kirby, Greaves Reid, 2006). Before undertaking any anthropological study, it is standard modern practice to obtain consent from those that are being studied. In her study involving school children, parents, teachers and administrators, Lareau (1996) describes in detail the difficulties nherent in this process, but also recognizes that it is a necessary component of fieldwork. The extensive trail of consent outlined by Lareau (1996) raises questions identified by Philippe Bourgois (1991) that are yet to be answered how far back does the line of consent extend? And how does consent, with regards to participant- observation, colour the relationship between observer and observed? These questions are closely related to the role of researcher and their effects on the community which are highlighted by Sterk (1996), who describes grappling with how involved she is willing to become with her participants and how involved her articipants have already become with her. One ethical dilemma identified by Sterk (1996) is that of her role as researcher and what responsibility that carries in terms of intervention. Sterk (1996) cites the dilemma of if and how to intervene when participants who are known to be sharing hypodermic needles are also HIV positive. She cannot address this ethical dilemma other than to retreat to the role of outsider, researcher, ethnographer. This problem is explored by Nancy Scheper-Hughes (1995). Through her work in the field, she raises important questions about the ethnographers role within the community. She argues that one must be willing to contribute and give back to the community, not from the perspective of what the anthropologist identifies as the needs of the community, but what the community itself identifies. These ethical questions and difficulties do not lie within the scope of Malinowskis consideration and highlight the progressive nature of ethnography as a mode of cultural and social (human) analysis. Participant-observation, as Malinowski (1922) conceptualized it, was a process through which the ethnographer entrenched themselves in the daily life and living of the community under study. To grasp the (1922, p. 23) used to summarise this approach to anthropological research. This ideology has shaped modern ethnography more than almost any other influencing factor to date and provides the framework for modern ethnography. However, Malinowskis vision is one that is situated within the colonial, ethnocentric and localized milieu of his time. Anthropology and the world as we know it today has, in many ways, moved on from a perspective that privileges a solely Western view. It now seeks a richer insight into the ways of others by situating the self as other, outsider, intruder, subject. The difficulty of becoming a true insider looms large for ny ethnographer in the field, even when the field is situated within ones own community. The scope of expected outcomes of anthropological research and ethnography has changed considerably since Malinowskis (1922) study of Trobriand Islanders. The purpose of his study can be seen as solely to inform Western culture, not as a way of informing or effecting change for those of whom he studied. Today, participant-observation and ethnography are increasingly becoming based on understanding and knowledge relating to effecting positive change within the community of study. Through ethnography the anthropologist, community and wider ocio-political powers become informed in ways that are designed to benefit those they study. Finally, an area that reveals itself through its omission from Malinowskis work is the ethical issue of subject participation in ethnographic research. The concern of ethical fieldwork has become of paramount importance within anthropological research and has serious ramifications in terms of subject consent and the changing role of researcher within the field. In conclusion, Malinowski was a man who, in many ways, was ahead of his time. His contribution to ethnographic method in anthropological research is arguably the most important thus far. However, as peoples understanding and expectation of social science and cultural difference expands, the way in which participant-observation is interpreted also expands and evolves into something that Malinowski may have found difficult to conceive. Malinowski provided a solid framework upon which todays anthropologists can weave a new interpretation to address an ever changing world of humanity. References Bourgois, P. (1991). Confronting the Ethics of Ethnography: Lessons from fieldwork in Central America. In F. Harrison (Ed. ), Decolonizing Anthropology: Moving further toward an anthropology of liberation.

New Businesses of the 1920 essays

New Businesses of the 1920 essays After World War I many nations where economically defeated. Germany and Japan inparticular, struggled with their economy. The United States was one of the few nations that flourished during this period (Groner 273-275). There was an explosion of new businesses in the 1920s, mostly in the industries of transportation, entertainment and retail sales. World War I was the first war in which airplanes were used. They were first flown for observation, but later began to engage in bombing and aerial duels (Baughman 87). After the war people began to realize the many uses of airplanes. Many airlines that had their beginnings in the 1920s started out carrying mail but then switched over to the growing business of passenger flights (Mattera 483-484). One of the first airlines was Douglas Airlines. It was started by Donald Douglas in Santa Monica, CA (Aviation Resource Center 3). Although it is not operating under that name any longer, it paved the way for the many airlines to come. Another big airline was American Airlines. It was started by a few Wall Street financiers who accumulated a couple of airline companies and combined them (Mattera 496). Delta Airlines also had its beginnings in the 1920s. Delta started out as a crop-dusting operation in Louisiana. When they switched over to mail and passengers flights, they dom inated the Southeast (Mattera 497). Juan Trippe, a twenty-four year old from New York bought nine flying boats that the U.S. Navy was going to scrap and established Pan American Airlines (Mattera 499). Another huge airline in the 1920s that is still around today is Trans World Airline. TWA had its start in 1926 as Western Air Express. With all the rising air companies there was a need for production of the airplanes themselves. That is where Pratt and Whitney Corporation filled the need. In 1925 they began their business of building aircraft engines in C ...

The Global Impacts of the Black Death

The Global Impacts of the Black Death The Black Death was one of the worst pandemics in human history. In the 14th century, at least 75 million people on three continents perished due to the painful, highly contagious disease. Originating from fleas on rodents in China, the â€Å"Great Pestilence† spread westward and spared few regions. In Europe’s cities, hundreds died daily and their bodies were usually thrown into mass graves. The plague devastated towns, rural communities, families, and religious institutions. Following centuries of a rise in population, the world’s population experienced a catastrophic reduction and would not be replenished for more than one hundred years. Origins and Path of the Black Death Silk Road Science of the Black Death Types and Symptoms of the Plague Death Toll Estimates of the Black Death Unexpected Economic Benefit of the Black Death Cultural and Social Beliefs and Changes of the Black Death Jews Protestantism Scourge Spread Across the World The Black Death of the 14th century was a tremendous interrupter of worldwide population growth. The bubonic plague still exists, although it can now be treated with antibiotics. Fleas and their unknowing human carriers traveled across a hemisphere and infected one person after another. Survivors of this swift menace seized the opportunities that arose from altered social and economic structures. Although humanity will never know the exact death toll, researchers will continue to study the epidemiology and history of the plague to ensure that this horror never happens again.

Philosophical view about notions about humans and the vast universe Essay

Philosophical view about notions about humans and the vast universe that we live in - Essay Example Conceding to the fact that religion is only created by a human being, say Paul the Apostle for Roman Catholicism, I joined with Sigmund Freud in believing that yes, religion drives people into wishful thinking. Freud, as a staunch critic of religion and in fact an atheist himself, had somehow influenced the way I view the world and religion. I believed in self-determination that our selves are only to be blamed for our fate, and our success is credited for our wholehearted efforts. However, Freud is situated on the radical side while I start to realize that Blaise Pascal must be right. His point made sense in my own discernment when he said that there is truth in believing that something or someone exists without actually proving scientifically that it or he exists.   Pascal’s Pensees is one of the readings that challenged, changed, and expanded my worldview. My previous worldview and religious philosophy are characterized by selfish reasons and responsibility on my part alo ne that myself is the only one I can turn to and rely on whatever pursuits. Pascal has quite disproved my beliefs. â€Å"The things that are seen are temporal, but the things that are not seen are eternal,† the apostle Paul was quoted uttering these words (Dawson 10). Pensees reminds me of an example about numbers like how can anyone postulate that 1 plus 1 is really equal to two while other great thinkers have already disproved the end. We believe because there is an unexplainable faith beyond seen objects.... Pensees reminds me of an example about numbers like how can anyone postulate that 1 plus 1 is really equal to two while other great thinkers have already disproved the end. We believe because there is an unexplainable faith beyond seen objects. As Beck calls it, we have this so-called â€Å"worldview defense† when questions from an existential point of view threat us (143). Beck characterized this kind of defense as destructive, such as when we are confronted with death and end up becoming selfish in order to escape from it (143). I believe that my worldview centers on the fact that our spirituality is able to discern right and wrong things from each other. Our religious beliefs fuel goodness, selflessness, and other altruistic acts. In fact, our spiritual being is the one responsible for seeking morally upright actions and work to do. Furthermore, Clive Staples Lewis’ transition from being an atheist to a Christian has also influenced my worldview. Nicholi narrates Lew is’ thoughts regarding the Christian faith, which state that â€Å"There is one God... Jesus Christ is His only Son† (39). Lewis is a contemporary philosopher in the truest sense, but relied on Immanuel Kant’s idea that we can view the world in â€Å"the starry heavens above and the moral law within† (Nicholi 37). This, too, has expanded my view regarding religion, life, and intelligence. There is a supreme force that governs the world and everything in it, and that the existence of God is not a mere figment of imagination as what Freud believes. Metaphysics The field of metaphysics, pioneered by Aristotle, serves as a guide in developing my worldview. Basically, it

European court of justice on the free movement of workers Essay

European court of justice on the free movement of workers - Essay Example According to the research findings the 1957 Treaty of Rome established cooperation amongst some six European nations which led to the formation of the European Economic Community, a supranational body meant to enhanced the creation of a common market and promote the rights of citizens of member states. Member states agreed to cede some elements of their sovereignty to the European Commission and in return, acquired some rights and freedoms for their citizens through a common market with several flexibilities in international matters. Amongst the freedoms that the EC Treaty guarantees is the free movement of persons, services and capital under Article 39 of the EC Treaty. Since the European Community was neither a federation nor a nation, the application of the EC Treaty had some challenges which have been modified through a number of treaties that made it more appropriate and practicable in application. This include the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. There are some cases that the law of member states interacts in a complex manner with EU Laws. The evolution of the Freedom of Movement in the European Community is steeped in Article 39 of the TFEU which prevents all forms of discrimination against citizens of member states who move to other EU nations The legal preamble is provided by Regulation 1612/68 of the Council which forbids specifies the types of discrimination that must be avoided Other supporting regulations like the Directive 68/360 supports the easy entry of EU nationals into other nations in the Union. European Court of Justice cases have helped to outline major terms in the Laws relating to free movement like 'worker' and 'equal treatment'. This have laid precedence on the core definitions and application of the laws on the Free Movement of Persons in the European Union. Introduction The Free Movement of Persons in member states of the European Community is one of the 'four freedoms' envisaged in the original 1957 Rome Treaty9. The free movement of persons is one of the most fundamental components that are central to the success of the creation and sustenance of a common market10. The laws on the freedom of movement in the European Community allows the settlement and integration of citizens of member states into other member states11. This include the right not to be discriminated against on the grounds of nationality12, the right to seek work and remain a worker in another Member State13, the right to receive and provide services14. These come together to create a framework for the operation of the laws on the freedom of movement of persons across the European Union. Currently, these EU legal standards provide the broad framework that determines the scope and application of the laws on the mobility of labour between member states15. The European Court of Justice has interpreted the standards and frameworks on the EU rules on freedom of movement16. These have created precedents that have restricted the scope of the free movement of persons17. Thus some elements of Article 45 of the TFEU have been tested and ambiguities clarified18. The European Union freedom of rights of movement is guaranteed by Article 45 of TFEU19. It is a convergence point that integrates other legal instruments in the European Union which prevents all forms of discrimination in relation to employment of EU nationals in member nations in relation to remuneration and other conditions of work are abolished20. These laws guarantee EU national’s rights to settle, work and integrate into other member states21. The main limitation of the application of this law is that the freedom of movement and the right to employment does not apply to the public service of any member state22. This is one of the indicators that the law supports a degree of subsidiarity and allows member states to retain some level of autonomy. On the

Teen Marriage (and Divorce) :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

Teen Marriage (and Divorce) Why would a single young female like me write an essay about marriages and divorces? Well I'll tell you why I wrote it. I chose to write my paper on marriages and divorces because I am very interested in how the lengths of marriages among young adults have changed over the years. I'm also interested in why they divorce at such an early time in their marriage. The age and reason of marrying today has changed dramatically over the years. Many young people today are starting to get married at a very young ages and they're doing it all for the wrong reasons. . So start my research I asked myself, how far back in history have young adults been getting married? About states: In Ancient Rome, girls married between the ages twelve and fourteen as well as some young men married at the age of fourteen also. However, during the middle ages, women married as early as fourteen. But men usually waited until they were well on their feet and able to support themselves as well as a wife. In 1371, the average age for women to marry was 16 and the average for men was 24. However the age changed in the year 1427 to men marry in their mid 30's and marrying women about half their age. (1) However that's when marriages were accepted by society. Today young adults aren't married as young, but their marriage doesn't last as long either. For instance, Macaulay Culkin and his ex wife married both at the age of 17, but they ended up getting a divorce with him at the age of 19 and her at the age of 20. Their marriage only lasted for 2 years after they found out that their love for each other was really just a fling. I don't think that they should have been thinking about marriage at that age and point in their lives. They both had their own busy lives which they had already planned out what they wanted to happen. I'm sure neither of them had included the part about getting married at the age of 17. 1 also think that they really weren't as ready as they thought they were. They probably figured that because they feel that they are in love that they should just go ahead and take that extra step and get married to be with each for the rest of their lives, which didn't turn out that way.

National Cranberry Cooperative Case

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY In the current scenario, the major bottlenecks in the system are the drying units for wet berries and the berry separation lines. While the drying units’ capacity can be increased by purchasing additional units, the throughput of the system will still be limited by the limitation of the separation lines. If the average rate of inflow of berries is 1500bbl/hr, then with the effective separation capacity of 1200bbl/hr, the plant will incur a backlog of 300bbl/hr. If the shift start times stay as it is, and the processing divisions start four hours after the receiving division, the truckers toward the end of the day will have to wait, since the cumulative backlog caused by processing will exhaust the bin storage capacity. The wait times for the truckers can be reduced by converting some of the dry bins to wet bins. However, this measure will not completely eliminate the trucker wait times. The best solution is to acquire one additional drying unit and advancing the processing shift from 11AM to 8AM. The backlog per hour of 300bbl/hr (due to the separation unit), will be manageable by the available storage capacity in the bins, even without converting the bins. The truckers will not have to wait to offload the berries. The accumulated backlog of berries can be processed in approximately 3. 75 hours after the end of scheduled 12 working hours. With the new expected ratio of wet to dry berries (7:3), not adding an additional drying unit will require the plant to work 9 extra hours to eliminate the backlog. The cost benefit of adding the additional drying unit and advancing the shift start time are higher than the cost benefit of other options considered. THE COMPANY The Receiving Plant I (RPI) of National Cranberry Cooperative (NCC) processes both wet and dry cranberries in a highly mechanized process involving 400 workers during peak season. The processed berries are sold in bulk and bags. PROBLEM STATEMENT NCC is currently wrestling with both runaway overtime costs as well as long waiting time for delivery trucks. PROCESS FLOW The process flow diagram is attached as Exhibit A ANALYSIS From Figure E in the case Delivery begins at 7 AM Processing begins at 11 AM Average Truck per day20/ hour Average load per truck75 bbl Average load per hour1500 bbl Expected split between dry and wet typesDry -30% Wet- 70% Cranberries Delivered Wet768600 Dry1065420 Color 134460 Color 2401080 Color 31398480 Total Pounds1834020 Total No. of trucks243 Time Interval729 Average Truck per day243/12 = 20 per hour Plant capacity and demand ReceivingDryWetTotal Average Receiving per hour (bbls)45010501500 Accumulated berries during 4 hour period (bbls)180042006000 Maximum bin storage capacity (bbls)400032007200 Excess/ Shortage (bbls)2200-10001200 Destone/ Dechaff/Dry Maximum Destoning capacity per hour(bbls)450004500 Excess/ Short over average receiving rate per hour(bbls) for destoning 405004050 Maximum Deschaffing capacity per hour(bbls)150030004500 Excess/ Short over average receiving rate per hour(bbls) for deschaffing 105019503000 Maximum Drying Capacity per hour(bbls)0600600 Excess/Shortage over average receiving rate per hour(bbls) for drying (=600-1050)0-450-450 Quality GradingCombined for Dry & Wet Average Separator line capacity per hour(bbls) (3Ãâ€"400)1200 Average receiving by separator line (600 wet + 450 dry)1050 Average receivings when there are no bottlenecks in the system1500 Excess/ Short over average receiving rate per hour(bbls)-300 1. While the receiving starts at 7. 00 am, the processing starts at 11. 00 am (from Figure E in the case). Accumulated wet berries till the plant starts (1100) is 4200 bbl, about 1000 more than the capacity of wet storage bin. This is the first bottleneck in the system which would cause morning queues of the delivery trucks. This shortage could be eliminated by converting some of the dry bins to wet bins. However, as will be seen, the downstream bottlenecks will still cause the converted bin capacity to be wanting. 2. There are two limitations on throughput for Receiving Plant 1. For wet cranberries, throughput is limited by the Dryer capacity to 600 bbl/hr. In terms of total throughput of RP1, the limitation is on separating capacity at 1200 bbl/hr. At the drying unit, the total processing rate of wet berries falls short of the arrival rate (1050 bbl/hr) by 450 bbl/hr. The solution is to either increase the overtime hours, purchase additional dryers or a combination of both. Option I: No dryers are purchased and overtimes are added: Total received per day (12 hrs)Accumulation till 7. 00 pm if processing start at 11. 00 amProcessing in a day (12 hrs)Additional hours reqd #Additional overtime cost* per peak Peak Season (09/20 – 10/9) wet12x1050=126004200+8*450=7800600Ãâ€"12= 72009 hours for processing USD 9*36*6*20= 38880 dry12x450=54001800 + 8*0=1800600Ãâ€"12= 72000 hours # (shortfall in wet berry processing capacity/processing speed) (12600-7200)/600= 9 hours * staff need to be hired in shipping(15 workers for one additional hour), dechaffing (one worker), milling(15) and shipping units (20) ** overtime charges @ USD 6. 00 per worker per hour Thus dry berries are processed in full while there is considerable backlog in wet berries which will necessitate 9 hours of overtime but still would not able to avoid truckers’ queues. If the some of the dry bins are converted to wet bins to maximize the wet capacity to about 5400 bbl, it will reduce the wait times for the truckers, but not completely eliminate it. As a result the receiving department will have to work over their scheduled 12 hour shift. Option II: One dryer is purchased and overtimes are added: Considering that the separator capacity is 1200 bbl/hour, we can at present add only one dryer line which will enhance the drying capacity to 800 bbl / hr. Let us consider a scenario where wet is processed at 800bbl/hr and dry at 400 per hour Total received per day (12 hrs)Accumulation till 7. 0 pm if processing starts at 11. 00 amAccumulation till 7. 00 pm if processing starts at 8. 00 amProcessing in a day (12 hrs)Additional hours reqd #Additional overtime cost* per peak season (09/20 – 10/9) wet12x1050=126004200+8*350=70001050+8*250=3050800Ãâ€"12= 96003. 75$ 810*20 days= $ 16200 dry12x450=54001800+8*50=2200450+8*50= 650400Ãâ€"12= 48000. 00 # (sh ortfall in processing capacity/processing speed) (12600-7200)/600= 9 hours * staff need to be hired in shipping(15 workers for one additional hour), deschaffing (one worker), milling(15) and shipping units (20) ** overtime charges @ USD 6. 0 per worker per hour Thus dry berries are processed in full while there is considerable backlog in wet berries which will necessitate 3. 75 hours of overtime. If we continue to start the processing shift at 11 am we wouldn’t be able to avoid truckers’ queues because of shortage in bin capacity. However, we start the shift at 8. 00 am, this can be avoided to a large extent Option III: No dryers are purchased and overtimes are added: Let us consider another scenario in which wet is processed at 1000bbl/hr (i. e. two additional dryers) and dry at 200 per hour Total received per day (12 hrs)Accumulation till 7. 0 pm if processing starts at 11. 00 amAccumulation till 7. 00 pm if processing starts at 8. 00 amProcessing in a day (12 hrs)Ad ditional hours reqd #Additional overtime cost* per peak season (09/20 – 10/9) wet12x1050=126004200+8*50=46001050+8*50=14501000Ãâ€"12= 120003. 0$ 648*20= $12960 dry12x450=54001800+8*250=3800450+8*250= 2450200Ãâ€"12= 24000. 0 # (shortfall in processing capacity/processing speed) (12600-7200)/600= 9 hours * staff need to be hired in shipping(15 workers for one additional hour), deschaffing (one worker), milling(15) and shipping units (20) ** overtime charges @ USD 6. 0 per worker per hour EVALUATION OF LIGHT METER SYSTEM In 1980, 75 cent premium was paid per bbl on about 450,000 bbls of berries of which about 225,000 turned out to be not of high quality. This cost the company $168,750. We presume that this is also the cost incurred by the company every year. Since the cost of installation is $20,000 plus hiring of a full time skilled operator. Cost of operator = $6. 50/hourx2000 hours per year=$13,000 per year Savings to the company excluding onetime cost of $20,000 = $155750 RECOMMENDATIONS 1. The company needs to purchase one additional dryer @ cost of 40,000 else it would have to spend $38880/ year in additional overtime. Considering the capital cost and the overtime spent ($16200), the additional expenditure can thus be recouped in less than two years. The last option of two dryers would lead to only marginal savings in additional overtime ($3240/year) over the option of buying one dryer. 2. The processing of berries of berries should start at 8. 00 am instead of current 11. 00 am to prevent shortage of bin capacity. . The limitation in separation capacity is serious and measures need to be taken to overcome it. For this, either the capacity of the system needs to be added or the quality of berries needs to be improved so that the separation system can work at its peak capacity of 450bbl/hour/line. However, without further indications on the cost of additional separation units it is not possible to conduct cost-benefit analysis. 4. In view of the substantial cost saving s, the company should buy the light meter system.

Everlasting Changes During the Enlightenment - 1512 Words

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The Enlightenment period experienced immense changes in our view of the world that left everlasting effects to this day. As the Enlightenment began to flourish throughout the western world, the literacy of humans also took flight. This was one of the most powerful facilitators for expansion of the enlightenment. â€Å"Cafes were one of the new settings in which literate elites could discuss the â€Å"new philosophy†- what we now call â€Å"enlightenment philosophy† (Noble, Strauss, Osheim 551). Cafes were used as congregation sites for intellectual thought and debate. The enlightenment was unique as it didn’tShow MoreRelatedLiterature Analysis Essay703 Words   |  3 Pages Personal Observations of the Work The work of literature that I chose to do my initial observations on is a poem written by Phillis Wheatley, called â€Å"To S.M., a Young African Painter, on Seeing his Works.† This poem was written during the enlightenment period. 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